economy we use unmodified concanavalin A (Sigma)
G Protein Pathways, Part B: G Proteins and their Regulators
Cross-Linking Concanavalin A to SPR Chips
Concanavalin A is a tetrameric protein with four identical 28 kDa subunits. 29 The minimal structure exhibiting high affinity binding of carbohydrates is the dimeric form. The dimer form of ConA is an active stable structure, and the tetramer – dimer transition can be promoted by low pH or succinylation of the protein.30 For reasons of economy we use unmodified concanavalin A (Sigma). Because the dissociation of dimer from tetramer leads to a continual decline in the SPR baseline, our coupling procedures first promote the tetramer – dimer dissociation prior to linkage. To accomplish this, ConA is dissolved and stored at 4 ° in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 4.8, prior to coupling. This also provides for optimal concentration of the ConA dimer by ionic attraction to the unactivated carboxyl groups. For limiting the ConA coupling the pH can be adjusted to 5.4 and still promote the dimer form.
However, extensive washing of the surface to allow complete tetramer dissociation is then necessary. Linkage of the ConA is accomplished by standard NHS / EDC amine coupling16 as described for streptavidin above, but with a modification in the running solution (Solution C, 50 mM MOPS, pH 7.5, 3 mM MgSO4, 150 mM NaCl with 10 μM CaCl2 and 10 μM MnCl2.
First, the surface is activated by injection of a mixture of 0.2 M EDC with 50 mM NHS in water at a flow rate of 5 μl / min, exposure time of 5–7 min. This is followed by injection of ConA at 0.1–0.3 mg / ml in 100 mM sodium acetate, pH 4.8, with an exposure time of 5–7 min. Activated carboxyls are then quenched by reaction with 1 M ethanolamine in water with an exposure time of 4 min. These procedures lead to the immobilization predominantly of dimeric ConA.
The immobilized ConA is quite stable, so that rhodopsin coupling does not have to proceed immediately. However, the coupling reactions are sufficiently reproducible and rapid that we find no advantage to prior preparation of ConA-modified surfaces. For experiments defining the independent binding of Gα or Gβγ described below, surfaces modified with 7000–12,000 RU of ConA have been utilized.
Under these conditions, the presence of immobilized tetrameric ConA is a significant factor. When high concentrations of ConA and / or aggressive NHS / EDC activation conditions are used, we routinely wash the ConA surface for 30–60 min with Solution C at a flow rate of 5 μl / min to allow for complete tetramer – dimer dissociation, prior to rhodopsin immobilization.
) Concanavalin A (ConA) | |||
| E16FXP010 | EnoGene | 1 mg | EUR 86.67 |
Description: Available in various conjugation types. | |||
 BioMagPlus Concanavalin A | |||
| BP531-10 | Bangs Laboratories | 10 ml | EUR 1399.73 |
Description: BioMagPlus Concanavalin A is magnetic particles with affinity binding proteins may be coated with the primary antibody or biotinylated molecule | |||
BioMagPlus Concanavalin A | |||
| BP531-3 | Bangs Laboratories | 3 ml | EUR 621.95 |
Description: BioMagPlus Concanavalin A is magnetic particles with affinity binding proteins may be coated with the primary antibody or biotinylated molecule | |||
 Concanavalin A ELISA Kit | |||
| 20-abx052181 | Abbexa |
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 Antibody) Concanavalin A (Con A) Antibody | |||
| 20-abx101152 | Abbexa |
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 - Cy3) Concanavalin A Lectin (Con A) - Cy3 | |||
| 21761096-1 | Bio-WORLD | - | EUR 148.5 |
 - Cy5) Concanavalin A Lectin (Con A) - Cy5 | |||
| 21761160-1 | Bio-WORLD | - | EUR 142.41 |
 - Pure) Concanavalin A Lectin (Con A) - Pure | |||
| 22070010-1 | Bio-WORLD | - | EUR 111 |
Concanavalin A Lectin (Con A) - Pure | |||
| 22070010-3 | Bio-WORLD | - | EUR 72.06 |
Concanavalin A Lectin (Con A) - Pure | |||
| 22070010-4 | Bio-WORLD | - | EUR 104.25 |
 CLIA Kit) Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| 20-abx190017 | Abbexa |
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Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKU08954-48T | Biomatik Corporation | 48T | EUR 647.92 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKU08954-5x96T | Biomatik Corporation | 5x96T | EUR 4396.6 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKU08954-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 925.6 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKN50065-48T | Biomatik Corporation | 48T | EUR 403.06 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKN50065-5x96T | Biomatik Corporation | 5x96T | EUR 2735.05 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) CLIA Kit | |||
| EKN50065-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 575.8 |
 Concanavalin A, CF350 conjugate | |||
| 29015 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 250.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF633 conjugate | |||
| 29018 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 250.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF680 conjugate | |||
| 29020 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 288 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF770 conjugate | |||
| 29058 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 288 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF750 conjugate | |||
| 29080 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 288 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF594 conjugate | |||
| 29017 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 250.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Rat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E02C0795-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Rat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E02C0795-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Rat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E02C0795-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
 Dog Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E08C0795-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Dog Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E08C0795-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Dog Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E08C0795-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
 Pig Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E07C0795-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Pig Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E07C0795-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Pig Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E07C0795-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
 ELISA Kit) Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| 20-abx150329 | Abbexa |
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Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKN44546-48T | Biomatik Corporation | 48T | EUR 294 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKN44546-5x96T | Biomatik Corporation | 5x96T | EUR 1995 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKN44546-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 420 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKU03435-48T | Biomatik Corporation | 48T | EUR 431.69 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKU03435-5x96T | Biomatik Corporation | 5x96T | EUR 2929.33 |
Concanavalin A (ConA) ELISA Kit | |||
| EKU03435-96T | Biomatik Corporation | 96T | EUR 616.7 |
 ELISA Kit) ConA(Concanavalin A) ELISA Kit | |||
| ELK1340-48T | ELK Biotech | 48T | Ask for price |
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to ConA. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to ConA. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain ConA, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of ConA in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. | |||
ConA(Concanavalin A) ELISA Kit | |||
| ELK1340-96T | ELK Biotech | 96T | Ask for price |
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to ConA. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to ConA. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain ConA, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of ConA in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF488A conjugate | |||
| 29016 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 250.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF640R conjugate | |||
| 29019 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 250.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF405M conjugate | |||
| 29074 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 262.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Concanavalin A, CF405S conjugate | |||
| 29075 | Biotium | 5x1mg | EUR 262.8 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1mg | |||
 Goat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E06C0795-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Goat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E06C0795-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
Goat Concanavalin A ELISA kit | |||
| E06C0795-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Concanavalin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. | |||
 BioMag®Plus Concanavalin A | |||
| 86057-10 | Polysciences Europe GmbH | 10ml | EUR 1355 |